There are currently procedures to repair and grow new bone that are part of routine dental surgical care. The four most commonly performed dental bone grafting procedures are nerve repositioning, onlay grafting, ridge augmentation and sinus lift. In addition, other miscellaneous grafting procedures are performed. There are a number of bone graft materials available in dentistry today which can be classified into four different categories:
Recipient's Own Bone Autograft is the obtaining of bone graft materials from the patient's body and typically is the best choice of grafting procedure available now. However, autograft has its limitations, which include potential problems such as second site morbidity and patient discomfort in terms of harvesting of a graft from another part of the patients body.
Other Human Being's Bone Allograft is the obtaining of bone graft materials from other human being, which can be either a cadaver or living donor. The disadvantage of allograft is that the bone graft materials may be rejected by the recipient's immune system. This results in the patient having to put on anti-rejection medication.
Animal Bone Xenograft is the obtaining of bone graft materials from tissue of animal origin, which include bovine (cow's bone) or porcine (pig's bone). Similar to allograft, such bone graft materials may be rejected by the recipient's immune system and anti-rejection medication will have to be used.
Synthetic Bone Alloplast is the graft of an inert foreign body (i.e. metal or polymer). It is bio-inert and will n [...]
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